Medical Cannabis and Cannabidiol
What is medical cannabis?
Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, is a group of plants that produce biologically active compounds. There are 2 main strains of the Cannabis plant used for recreational and medicinal purposes – sativa and indica. Cannabis can be used to help manage symptoms like pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance in chronic conditions like Spondyloarthritis (SpA). Medical cannabis specifically refers to the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes. It is made from sativa, indica, or a mixture of both strains so that it contains specific amounts of cannabinoid molecules like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). They can be used in whole or in extract form. Cannabis has a long history of use as a medication all over the world and in many cultures. In the United States, CBD is primarily derived from the hemp plant, which is closely related to the Cannabis plant, and which contains much lower concentrations of THC (less than 0.3%), being mainly constituted of CBD. Hemp is a very fast-growing plant and was one of the first plants to be used for its fiber 50,000 years ago. It can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including paper, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.
THC has psychoactive (mind-altering) and pain-relieving properties. It is legal in Canada and for recreational and medicinal use in Alaska, California, Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, Oregon, Vermont, Washington State, and Washington D.C. THC is legal for medicinal use only, meaning with a medical marijuana card or doctor’s prescription, in Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah and West Virginia. Remember, because THC and CBD are not legal under federal law, it is illegal to possess them on U.S. government property even in states or the District of Columbia where they are legal.
CBD may also reduce pain while having no known psychoactive side-effects. The strongest scientific evidence for CBD’s effectiveness is in treating severe childhood epilepsy syndromes which may not respond to antiseizure medications. The FDA has approved a CBD-containing medication for these conditions called Epidiolex.
CBD oil is legal in all but three states (Idaho, Nebraska, and South Dakota) where having cannabis or cannabis-derived products, including THC and CBD oil, for any use is illegal. Unlike THC, the central nervous system effects are not associated with a “high”, and the likelihood of dependence (addiction) is very low. However, some patients may experience drowsiness with CBD.